Few-Shot Recognition of Fiber Optic Vibration Sensing Signals Based on Triplet Loss Learning

The distributed fiber optic sensing system, known for its high sensitivity and wide-ranging measurement capabilities, has been widely used in monitoring underground gas pipelines. It primarily serves to perceive vibration signals induced by external events and to effectively provide early warnings of potential intrusion activities. Due to the complexity and diversity of external intrusion events, traditional deep learning methods can achieve event recognition with an average accuracy exceeding 90%. However, these methods rely on large-scale datasets, leading to significant time and labor costs during the data collection process. Additionally, traditional methods perform poorly when faced with the scarcity of low-frequency event samples, making it challenging to address these rare occurrences. To address this issue, this paper proposes a small-sample learning model based on triplet learning for intrusion event recognition. The model employs a 6-way 20-shot support set configuration and utilizes the KNN clustering algorithm to assess the model's performance. Experimental results indicate that the model achieves an average accuracy of 91.6%, further validating the superior performance of the triplet learning model in classifying external intrusion events. Compared to traditional methods, this approach not only effectively reduces the dependence on large-scale datasets but also better addresses the classification of low-frequency event samples, demonstrating significant application potential.