Anatomical Comparison of Male and Female Carp

Reproduction is a fundamental biological process that ensures the continuity and sustainability of species through sexual or asexual mechanisms. This study provides a descriptive-comparative analysis of the reproductive anatomy of male and female Cyprinus carpio (carp) with the objective of supporting contextual science learning at the primary school level. The research was conducted through systematic dissection and morphological observation of mature carp specimens at the Biology Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia. The results revealed clear anatomical differences: the female carp exhibited enlarged, sac-like ovaries containing numerous yolk-rich ova, while the male carp possessed elongated, ribbon-shaped testes producing milt for external fertilization. Quantitative analysis showed that the gonads of females were larger and heavier, aligning with the species’ high fecundity and external spawning strategy. These findings highlight the biological adaptations of carp for successful reproduction and demonstrate the pedagogical value of integrating practical anatomical observation into science lessons. By engaging students in hands-on activities, educators can enhance students’ understanding of core biological concepts, develop their critical thinking skills, and foster awareness of sustainable aquaculture practices.