Comparative analysis of the properties of traditional vs 3D printed mortar for building construction

Mortar 3D printing has emerged as a disruptive technology in construction, offering advantages in geometric design, sustainability and production efficiency. The life cycle analysis (LCA) shows a 35% reduction in carbon footprint compared to traditional methods, positioning this technology as a viable alternative for sustainable construction. This study delves into the comparative analysis through non-destructive testing of 3D printed mortars versus traditional methods. The results show that the printing orientation significantly influences the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), with lower values in the X direction due to the presence of interlayer voids. In contrast, the traditional mortar exhibited more homogeneous UPV, reflecting a consolidated microstructure. Ultrasonic attenuation analysis revealed a direct correlation between porosity and wave scattering, confirming that 3D printing technology introduces mechanical anisotropy. These findings underscore the need to optimize extrusion parameters and geometric design to ensure durability in structural applications.