Rotenone concentration analysis of tuba root extract and toxicity test on tilapia fish

The tuba plant (Derris elliptica) contains rotenone, a toxic compound traditionally used to catch fish. This study aims to analyze rotenone content in tuba root extract and test its toxicity to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Extraction was done by immersion method using chloroform solvent, and rotenone content analysis was done using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The analysis results showed that tuba roots from Damma Hamlet, Bonto Matinggi Village, Maros Regency contained rotenone at 0.4276%. Toxicity tests were conducted with variations in extract masses of 0 g (control), 0.1 g, 0.5 g, 1 g, 5 g, and 10 g dissolved in 10 liters of water. Parameters observed included anesthesia time, recovery time, and fish survival rate. At a dose of 0.1 g, fish experienced mild anesthesia and could recover. However, at doses of 0.5 g to 10 g, all fish could not survive. Increasing the mass of the extract accelerated the anesthetization time but decreased the survival rate significantly. These results indicate that tuba root extract is toxic to fish and can serve as a reference in the wise use of tuba for traditional fishing activities.