Analyzing Used Cooking Oil Flow in Yogyakarta City: Advancing Circular Economy through Reverse Logistics Management

Used cooking oil represents one of the most significant sources of waste that can potentially pollute the environment and endanger human health if not managed effectively. Used cooking oil has the potential to be a sustainable alternative fuel. Meanwhile, the quantity of used cooking oil in Indonesian regions, including Yogyakarta City, has not yet been made available for analysis. Such data is essential for the design of effective reverse logistics management of used cooking oil. The objective of this study is to analyze the flow of used cooking oil in the Yogyakarta City area, to determine the potential quantity of used cooking oil and to gain insight into the costs associated with processing this flow of used cooking oil. The snowball sampling technique was employed to obtain data of the collectors. Subsequently, the analysis stage utilized the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method with the assistance of Substance Flow Analysis (STAN) software and the Sankey Matic diagram. The research identified 22 collectors, including 15 waste banks. The areas receiving used cooking oil include Bantul and Semarang. The potential amount of used cooking oil collected in the Yogyakarta metropolitan area is 97,464 litres per year, which is 0.001% of the national target for used cooking oil collection, as the national target for used cooking oil collection is based on 9.72 million KL. The total management of the used cooking oil flow is estimated to cost IDR 87,647,800. The results of the study are expected to provide a foundation for the development of reverse logistics management strategies for used cooking oil, with the potential for broader applicability in other regions of Indonesia. In the long term, it is projected to create an ideal circular economy related to cooking oil management. Furthermore, the study's findings offer valuable insights that can be adapted and implemented in global clean production practices, contributing to the broader goal of sustainable development worldwide.