Global research trends and focus on biomarkers in lung cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive bibliometric insight and visualization analysis (2001-2025)

This study represents the first bibliometric analysis of biomarkers in lung cancer immunotherapy. Through scientometric visualization tools, our analysis delineates a paradigm shift from reductionist biomarker discovery to multidimensional integration and translational validation. Prospective advancements necessitate leveraging technological innovations, fostering international collaborative networks, and promoting multi-omics convergence. These efforts aim to facilitate a critical transition from population-based therapeutic strategies to precision-driven stratification, ultimately optimizing clinical outcomes and survival benefits for heterogeneous patient populations.