A foundational framework for high-intensity interval training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

High-intensity interval training is a safe and superior strategy compared to continuous training for enhancing outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This review successfully translates these findings into a practical Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type framework, providing a scientific model to standardize clinical practice and guide future research.