Technological Innovations for Surveillance and Precision Disease Management Strategies in Mango Cultivation

The mango (Mangifera indica L.), one of the most important tropical fruit crops, is suffering from an increase in the prevalence of diseases such as anthracnose, bacterial canker, and powdery mildew, aggravated by climate change. Traditional, non-science-based practices of managing diseases will likely be ineffective in the future since threatening pathogens evolve due to climate change, unpredictable rains, and extended rainy seasons. The objective of this manuscript is to discuss the innovative approaches used in mango disease control and surveillance. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles and remote sensing technologies allows non-invasive, large area health assessments of plants. The Internet of Things (IoT) provides real time microenvironment monitoring. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies in predictive analytics, automated diagnostics, and metagenomics allow the study of microbiomes and pathogens of diseases and the roots of diseases in an unprecedented fashion. The use of AI in diagnostics paired with robotics for precision application of treatment will change the field dramatically. The use of satellites for risk assessment, control of the supply chain with blockchain, and other tools will be invaluable. Adoption will be slow due to high costs of technology, lack of technical knowledge, and gaps in policy, particularly for the resource-poor farmers. The integration of these technologies will be critical for the development of climate-resilient systems for growing mangoes to help with food security and the sustainable future of agriculture. Keywords: Precision agriculture, digital farming, climate adaptation, plant diseases, smart sensors, sustainable horticulture