Complejos de especies de Fusarium asociados con la marchitez del garbanzo y la pudrición del tallo y raíz en trigo

In Mexico, chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are two important crops for national consumption and/or exportation. However, they are susceptible to various diseases caused by Fusarium fungi. The objective of this research was to identify Fusarium species associated with the wheat root and stem rot diseases, and chickpea wilt in the Mexican Bajio area, through DNA sequence analyses of three genomic regions TEF, ITS and mtSSU. The 114 isolates obtained were classified into eight taxonomic species and located in four Fusarium Species Complexes. In order of frequency, F. oxysporum (87.6 %), F. equiseti (4.7 %), F. solani (4.7 %), F. proliferatum (1.5 %) and Fusarium sp. (1.5 %) were identified in chickpea; and F. proliferatum (44 %), F. nygamai (22 %), Fusarium sp. (16 %), F. thapsinum (6 %), F. oxysporum (6 %), F. andiyazi (4 %) and F. equiseti (2 %) were recovered from wheat. The TEF gene had the highest number of phylogenetically informative sites (43.03 %), followed by mtSSU (32.88 %) and ITS (12.82 %). Moreover, the phylogenetic reconstruction using TEF was the closest to what is currently recognized for Fusarium species. The resulted clustering from the concatenation of the ITS+mtSSU regions was the most conflicting, while the constructs with concatenated regions involving the TEF gene were the least conflicting. The results from this research indicate the presence of a significant number of Fusarium species that should be monitored for disease prevention and/or treatment programs in chickpea and wheat crops in Mexico.