Efecto del déficit hídrico en la fotosíntesis y el rendimiento de arveja (Pisum sativum L.): una revisión sistemática

Water deficit caused by drought is common and extreme because of climate change. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops undergo water deficits depending on the sowing season and location. Some mechanisms of these plants in response to drought include stomatal closure and a reduction in photosynthetic capacity. However, as a consequence, such mechanisms disrupt reproductive processes such as flowering and pod filling, which diminishes the yield of plants. Although these mechanisms have been studied, there is no systematic review of the effect of water deficit on photosynthesis and yield in P. sativum. This review aimed to combine, summarize, and interpret the current knowledge on the impact of water deficiency on photosynthesis and yield in P. sativum. We carried out a systematic review using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Water deficit diminishes CO2 assimilation by as much as 25%. This reduction is apparently due to stomatal closure (reduced by 28%) and, to a lesser degree, to variables such as the real efficiency of photosystem II (reduced by 15%). Water deficit reduces pea yield by 30% compared to control treatments (watered plants). The yield components most affected are the number of pods per plant, grains per plant, and pods per square meter. Few studies have assessed the relationship among yield, photosynthesis, and water status in P. sativum under water deficit conditions. Furthermore, significant knowledge gaps remain with respect to the combined effects of water deficit and interacting environmental factors (such as light intensity, temperature, and vapour pressure deficit) on the responses of field pea photosynthesis and yield. Additionally, there is a need to standardise methodologies for assessing water deficit status in both plant tissue and soil.