A eficácia da implementação de um programa de responsabilidade social corporativa com características religiosas: evidências da Regência de Halmahera Central, Indonésia

CSR is currently undergoing significant development in terms of program innovation. However, this progress has not been matched by corresponding effectiveness in CSR performance, as many firms remain concerned about the long-term sustainability of their operations due to insufficient stakeholder legitimacy. This study examines the impact of csr programs with religious characteristics on community legitimacy in Central Halmahera Regency, with CSR performance as a moderating variable. The study employs Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), given its suitability for exploratory analysis. Findings indicate that CSR programs with religious characteristics implemented by mining companies enhance community legitimacy in areas surrounding company operations, thereby supporting the first hypothesis of the study. Furthermore, CSR performance significantly moderates the relationship between CSR programs and community legitimacy, confirming the second hypothesis. A key limitation of this study is that the company’s CSR program primarily addresses the religious needs of Muslim communities. Future research should therefore include CSR programs that also consider the needs of other religious groups, reflecting the religious diversity of Indonesia.