Plantas medicinais brasileiras populares, para o uso terapêutico na Diabetes

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This condition is associated with a range of complications, including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and neuropathy, all of which arise due to the dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Plant-derived compounds have emerged as a promising source of novel therapeutic agents for the management of T2D. Their action dwells mainly in three key mechanisms: reduction of blood glucose levels, modulation of inflammation, and attenuation of lipid mobilization. Among the active constituents identified in various plant species, compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids have been recognized as important candidates for mitigating mechanisms that result in diabetic complications. However, many plant species, particularly those native to tropical regions such as Brazil, remain insufficiently studied, limiting the full exploration of their therapeutic potential. Objectives: This review highlights five Brazilian plant species that have demonstrated traditional use in the treatment of T2D: Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Astereaceae, Salvia officinalis Linneaus Laminaceae, Myrcia sphaerocarpa DC Myrtaceae, Eugenia jambolana Lam., Myrtaceae, and Bauhinia forficata Link Fabaceae, as well as the compounds that might be responsible for their beneficial effects. Conclusion: Traditional Brazilian medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit a hypoglycemic effect, as well as increased insulin sensitivity, in tested animal models. Its low cost makes it an interesting research topic for Diabetes treatment.