La fotosíntesis en los cultivos frutales de trópico alto de los Andes: una revisión sistemática

Commercially grown fruit crops in the high tropical Andes zones from 1,600 to 3,200 m a.s.l. are increasingly important in the world market, mainly because they are exotic fruits, and also because they are produced by hundreds of small growers. Photosynthesis is one of the most important physiological processes involved in the production and quality of fruit crops. However, many aspects of this process are unknown in fruit species grown in the Andean highlands. This systematic review presents the main themes and advances in research on photosynthesis of Andean fruit crops. A systematic literature search was carried out in the Scopus and Web of Science databases using the RStudio Bibliometrix package tool and VOSviewer version 1.6.16 software. Research on this topic has focused on high tropical Andean countries with climatic conditions for the growth of fruit species. Notably, the research addresses themes related to the photosynthesis of Andean highland fruit crops in Brazil and Colombia. The authors cover research topics from horticulture and plant physiology to photosynthesis and leaf anatomy and acclimation, where most research literature currently focuses. In most of the analyzed fruit crops, photosynthetic parameters such as maximum photosynthesis (Amax), light compensation point, light saturation point, and apparent quantum yield are known. These are important advances in the knowledge of the fluorescence of chlorophyll a, which is mainly used as a tool to characterize the eco-physiological response of these fruit species to different environments.