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The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Denmark presents challenges to the residential low-voltage (LV) distribution grid. This transition increases the demand for home EV charging, which can possibly overload LV grids. The study primarily focuses on the adaptation of EVs and their potential impact on the residential grid, comprising 51 households powered by a 200 kVA transformer. EV charging integration and necessity of grid management is discussed followed by challenges faced by DSOs, charging operators, and flexible charging service providers. Dynamic simulations of simultaneous EV charging during peak winter periods reveal that transformer and cable are subjected to heavy loading, highlighting significant risks of equipment failure and voltage dip. To address the challenges, the study evaluates the importance of smart charging strategies to support the LV grid. Besides, the study emphasizes the role of energy management systems, demand response programs, and flexible energy tariffs in optimizing grid performance. Simulation results employing EV charging management demonstrate significant improvements, that cable and transformer loading and terminal voltage at the point of coupling for EVs and chargers remain within the rated limits. The potential risk of feeder congestion and its mitigation methods have been demonstrated in H2020 Projects like SERENE and SUSTENANCE. The findings underscore the necessity to integrate smart control techniques and consider potential grid reinforcements to meet the rising power demand as Denmark transitions to a low-carbon future. By tackling technical challenges and promoting active consumer participation, this study contributes to sustainable and efficient grid management.
Authors
- Hessam Golmohamadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-8990)
- Sanjay K. Chaudhary (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8812-3571)
- Hanchi Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-4841)
- Rakesh Sinha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-0536)
- Birgitte Bak-Jensen
- Morten Veis Donnerup
Publication Details
- Journal
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)
- Published
- 2025-05-14
- Primary Topic
- Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00