Evaluación del rendimiento y calidad del fruto de cinco genotipos de mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth.)

In Colombia, blackberry (Rubus spp.) is one of the crops with the most significant geographic coverage, and the ecotype “Castilla” (Rubus glaucus) is the most extensively commercialized. Despite the importance of the crop, there are no registered varieties or hybrids specifically adapted to the diverse growing conditions of the country’s various production areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and select advanced genotypes of Castilla blackberry based on yield attributes and physicochemical quality of the fruits. Data from five genotypes and one regional check were recorded in the municipality of Silvania, Cundinamarca, during 2022 and 2023. The yield traits, including the number of fruits per kg and the weight of the fruits harvested, were evaluated, as well as the physicochemical variables: fruit diameter, fruit weight, firmness, acidity, total soluble solids, pH, juice and pulp weights, and maturity index. The data were statistically processed using a generalized linear model, principal component and cluster analysis, and Ward’s minimum variance clustering method. A selection index based on the traits of production, total soluble solids, fruit weight, and firmness, relevant to the crop, was used. Significant differences were observed between genotypes for the yield traits, total soluble solids, pH, acidity, and maturity index. The results suggested that genotypes G1, G4, and G3 were outstanding in terms of yield and fruit quality. However, genotype G1 led the index selection, outperforming the other genotypes under evaluation.