New Advances in Diagnosis, Phytonano, and Chinese Medicine-based Therapy for Atherosclerosis- A Systematic Review

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is significantly impacted by immune and inflammatory responses. Data suggest that immunity plays a greater role in atherosclerosis by closely regulating its development and lipid accumulation. The hallmarks are vascular smooth muscle expansion, cell death, destruction, swelling, and localized inflammation. The present review aims to explore the latest advances in diagnosis, phytonano, and Chinese medicine-based therapy for atherosclerosis. Methods: The data were collected from various platforms, including PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and Bentham Science. Results: In both in vitro and in vivo investigations, the bioactive molecules from plant extracts have been demonstrated to have a wide range of health-promoting activities, including antioxidant, immune-boosting, and many more. Nanomedicines have made significant strides, providing prospects for accurate, customized diagnosis and therapy. These targeted and sustained deliveries make compounds reach the predetermined dose and time. Discussion: The potential of engineered bio-nonmaterials to deliver therapeutic and imaging substances to atherosclerotic plaques is actively studied and has been found generally effective. Conclusion: The current review presents risk factors, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment with novel drug delivery agents, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, along with their mechanisms of action. Nanoparticles improved plague stability by 35-50%. Apart from this, we also compiled the Chinese formulations, their mechanisms of action, and the models used.