Enhanced Pix2pixGAN with Spatial-Channel Attention for Underground Medium Inversion from GPR

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) data inversion, especially in parallel-layered homogeneous media with multiple subsurface targets, still faces challenges in accurately reconstructing geometric structures due to weak reflections and complex target–medium interactions. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel multi-scale inversion framework named GPRGAN-SCSE (Ground Penetrating Radar Generative Adversarial Network with Spatial-Channel Squeeze and Excitation). Built upon the Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network (Pix2PixGAN), the proposed model incorporates a Spatial-Channel Squeeze and Excitation (SCSE) module into a residual U-Net generator to adaptively enhance target features embedded in layered media. Furthermore, a tri-scale discriminator ensemble is designed to enforce structural consistency and suppress layer-induced artifacts. The network is optimized using a composite loss integrating adversarial loss, L1 loss, and gradient difference loss to jointly improve structural continuity and boundary sharpness. Experiments conducted on a simulation dataset of parallel-layered homogeneous media with multiple targets demonstrate that GPRGAN-SCSE substantially outperforms existing inversion networks. The proposed method reduces the MAE by 63.8% and achieves a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 99.96%, effectively improving the clarity of subsurface edges and the fidelity of geometric contours. These results confirm that the proposed framework provides a robust and high-precision solution for non-destructive subsurface imaging under layered media conditions.