Spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon imbalance in agricultural cultivation and its driving factors: a study based on Hunan Province, China

To alleviate the persistent carbon imbalance in Hunan's agricultural cultivation systems, differentiated carbon sequestration and emission reduction strategies should be formulated by integrating the significance hierarchy of CII drivers and their spatial heterogeneity patterns. Special emphasis ought to be placed on tackling the re-emergence of carbon imbalance in specific municipal regions, which stems from urban expansion encroaching on farmland and the persistence of traditional cultivation practices. This targeted optimization will effectively facilitate the sustainable and low-carbon development of Hunan's agricultural sector.