Therapeutic Horizons of Syzygium cumini L.: An Insight into its Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-cancer Bio Actives and Related Molecular Pathways

Abstract: Syzygium cumini L., commonly known as Java plum or black plum, has been extensively studied for its pharmacological properties, particularly its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer potential. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the bioactive constituents of S. cumini, including polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins, which contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. The antioxidant potential of S. cumini plays a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress-related disorders by neutralizing free radicals and enhancing endogenous defense mechanisms. Its anti-inflammatory properties, mediated through the modulation of key signalling pathways such as NF-κB and COX-2, highlight its potential in managing chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that S. cumini exhibits anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, and modulating oncogenic pathways. A detailed analysis using in-vitro and in-vivo studies has further elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying these bioactivities, offering promising directions for future research and therapeutic applications. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on the pharmacological potential of S. cumini, emphasizing its relevance in the development of novel therapeutic agents.