Environmental Impact Assessment and Legal Protection of Rights Affected by Transboundary Environmental Offences in Tailings and Mining Waste Management

The study aimed to analyse the legal mechanisms that ensure the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the event of transboundary environmental offences related to the operation of tailings and waste dumps. The research included a study of the legislation of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, as well as Germany and France, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their legal systems in environmental safety and protection of the rights of affected citizens. Despite the constitutional right to a clean environment, Kyrgyz citizens remain insufficiently protected in the transboundary context due to weak law enforcement and minimal integration of international norms.