Association Between Parental Consanguinity and the Risk of Having a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing global prevalence, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Parental consanguinity, common in many regions, has been suggested as a potential genetic risk factor for ASD, although existing studies have reported conflicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between parental consanguinity and autism spectrum disorders. Method: Four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched from their inception up to November 25, 2023, without any time or language restrictions. Ultimately, 12 studies were included in the analysis, encompassing a total of 6,592 participants. Results: A significant association between parental consanguinity and ASD risk was observed in adjusted analyses (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.47, I2 = 48.8). Discussion: Given that consanguineous marriages are culturally common in the studied populations, public awareness alone is insufficient. Effective strategies should include accessible genetic counseling and culturally tailored education to reduce ASD risk and support informed reproductive choices. Conclusion: Our study found a significant positive link between ASD and parental consanguinity.