The Impact of Congestion Pricing on Public Transport Utilization in Jakarta, Indonesia

Traffic congestion causes an increase in fuel consumption, vehicle operational cost, travel time, and increased traffic accidents, while at the same time reducing the air quality. Congestion pricing (CP) is one of the strategies that various cities have implemented to reduce private car usage, leading to improvements in traffic conditions and air quality. This study aims to determine the impact of congestion pricing on private vehicle use in Jakarta by modelling the probability of mode shift to public transport. Stated preference and binomial logit model are used to analyze the impact of congestion cost implementation on mode shift. The results show a possible shift from private cars to bus rapid transit (BRT) by 56% with the implementation of congestion pricing. The findings provide insight that congestion pricing has an impact on potential mode shift to public transport. The shift is influenced by the amount of the congestion charge imposed. The more expensive the congestion charge, the more likely car users are to switch to public transport.