Pregnancy as a result of assisted reproductive technologies – current trends in prediction and diagnosis of complications (literature review)

Background. Infertility is an extremely urgent medical and social problem, the frequency of which is steadily increasing despite modern achievements in the medical field. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the causes of infertility require a long time and significant financial costs. Currently, assisted reproductive technologies are considered the leading approach for achieving pregnancy in infertile couples. Purpose – is to identify the main risk factors and diagnostic markers of pregnancy complications that have already occurred in women whose pregnancy occurred as a result of the assisted reproductive technologies by analyzing modern literary sources that reflect current approaches to studying this issue and ways to improve the prognosis for the mother and child. Materials and Methods. The review is based on the analysis of 118 scientific sources published between 2015 and 2025, using the leading scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar. Results. In Ukraine, the problem of infertility is extremely relevant, and according to current data, 24.3% of women of reproductive age in Ukraine had a diagnosis of «infertility», of which 5.9% were primary, and 18.4% were secondary. Today, intrauterine insemination is used to achieve pregnancy in women with infertility. insemination, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. One of the leading complications after assisted reproductive technologies is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Pregnancy after assisted reproductive technologies occurs in specific conditions and is characterized by the possibility of placenta-associated complications, as well as complications associated with miscarriage. Currently, PAPP-A, β-hCG, hPL, PlGF, uE3 are used to predict pregnancy complications, including after ART. However, in the literature we reviewed, there is no information about the reliability of these indicators in women after assisted reproductive technologies depending on the type of in vitro fertilization protocol used. Conclusions. From our point of view, it is advisable to conduct a dynamic study and comparative assessment of hormonal, immunological, hemostasiological and ultrasound markers in women whose pregnancy occurred after the use of assisted reproductive technologies, depending on the selected in vitro fertilization protocol, with the subsequent development and implementation of a complex aimed at improving obstetric and perinatal outcomes.