Therapeutic effects of wogonin on sepsis and its mechanisms of action: a comprehensive systematic review

Wogonin, a flavonoid derived from the plant Scutellaria baicalinase's, has emerged as a promising candidate for sepsis management due to its multifaceted pharmacological properties. A comprehensive search of databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase, was conducted up to November 2025 using relevant keywords<i>. In-vivo</i> studies were assessed using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, and <i>in-vitro</i> studies were evaluated with the OHAT risk of bias tool. A total of 449 articles were initially sourced, ultimately, 24 publications included in this systematic review. Evidence from various <i>in-vivo</i> and <i>in-vitro</i> studies indicates that wogonin exerts protective effects against sepsis-induced organ damage by modulating critical signalling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1. Despite these promising findings, further clinical trials are necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of wogonin in human subjects suffering from sepsis.