Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel Pellets from Wood and Agricultural Waste: Technological Solutions and Economic Efficiency

The study assesses the potential of Russia's wood and agricultural waste for bioenergy. A technology for producing composite refuse-derived fuel (RDF) pellets from this feedstock is proposed, along with an economic evaluation. Optimal blend ratios are identified to ensure the pellets comply with the state standard (GOST) 33103.2-2017 and exhibit high mechanical durability (≥ 93%). Economically viable production is achievable when lignin is sourced as a zero-cost by-product and raw material prices remain below specific thresholds. Pellets with higher lignin content demonstrate the best economic performance. The results highlight that feedstock composition and preparation are critical factors influencing pellet quality, energy value, and cost-effectiveness, which are essential for advancing sustainable bioenergy in Russia