AYURVEDIC REVIEW ON SANDHIVATA

Sandhigata Vata is an important degenerative joint disorder described in Ayurveda under the category of Vata Vyadhi and is commonly observed in elderly individuals due to the natural predominance of Vata during advancing age and progressive Dhatu Kshaya. It closely resembles osteoarthritis in its clinical presentation and predominantly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knee and hip. The disease is caused by continuous exposure to etiological factors (Nidana Sevana) which leads to vitiation of Vata and its localization in structurally weak joints (Kha Vaigunya). This results in characteristic symptoms including pain, swelling, stiffness, crepitus, and restriction of joint movements. Classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Yogaratnakara, and Bhavaprakasha describe the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management principles of Sandhigata Vata under Vata disorders. Although no exclusive Samprapti is described, the disease can be understood through two major mechanisms: Dhatukshayajanya and Avaranajanya pathologies. The condition involves impairment of Asthi, Majja, and Meda Dhatu along with derangement of Asthivaha Srotas. Management focuses on pacifying aggravated Vata and replenishing depleted tissues through therapies such as Snehana, Swedana, Abhyanga, Basti, Upanaha, Agnikarma, and Mridu Shodhana. Local applications like Lepa, Bandhana, and Unmardana aid in reducing pain and improving mobility. Dietary and lifestyle regulation plays a crucial supportive role. The holistic Ayurvedic approach provides not only symptomatic relief but also addresses the root causes of degeneration, thereby helping to restore joint function and enhance quality of life.