Staff experiences of implementing patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) in the NHS in England: findings from a rapid qualitative evaluation

<i>Objectives</i>The NHS in England has introduced various innovations to keep up with the growing demand for elective care, one of which is patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU). This evaluation sought to understand staff experiences of implementing PIFU.<i>Methods</i>We conducted a rapid qualitative service evaluation between June 2022 and July 2023, based on semi-structured interviews (n = 36) with operational/managerial and clinical NHS staff from five English NHS Trusts, and an online workshop with 21 additional members of staff from the English NHS. We drew on the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability (NASSS) framework to structure qualitative data collection and analysis and to generate new insights into the adoption of the innovation of PIFU.<i>Results</i>We found that implementation of PIFU affected staff roles, workload, and job satisfaction. Levels of PIFU uptake, and experience with similar models, affected the extent to which participants experienced the impact of PIFU. How PIFU was implemented varied. Some staff saw changes in their role because of new administrative demands, safety-netting procedures (such as proactive measures by specialty teams to mitigate the risk of patients not initiating appointments when necessary), and selection of suitable patients. PIFU was felt by some staff to increase, and by others to decrease, workload. PIFU affected intensity of work, interrelated with other factors such as the size of waiting lists, and conditions experienced by patients. Whether staff were satisfied with PIFU related to its impact on their role and workload. Satisfaction was also affected by whether staff believed PIFU delivered benefits for patients, and by the aims they felt were driving rollout.<i>Conclusion</i>PIFU can significantly affect the experiences of staff and change staff roles and workload. However, the impact of PIFU is not uniform. Staff perspectives on PIFU from all parts of the health system should be better understood and considered during pathway design.