Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics reveal intestinal cellular heterogeneity, differentiation, and cell communication mechanisms in SAP-induced intestinal injury

Integrated single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics reveal that SAP is accompanied by spatially organized ileal remodeling, epithelial immune-interacting rewiring, and altered neighborhood architecture, together with an ECM-centered FN1 signaling axis and attenuated Hmga2/Myb-associated regulatory programs in stem compartments. These findings provide a spatially informed cellular framework and generate testable hypotheses for mechanisms underlying impaired epithelial regeneration during SAP-associated intestinal injury.