Antibiotic Consumption and Gram-Negative Resistance Dynamics in the ICU: A Five-Year Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Analysis

The study demonstrates a significant temporal association between the volume of broad-spectrum antibiotic consumption and the escalation of AMR. The high selective pressure in ICUs identifies these units as primary reservoirs for multidrug-resistant pathogens. These findings highlight the importance of multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship programs and restricted use of reserve antibiotics to preserve therapeutic efficacy.