Application and Research Progress of BCI in Post-Stroke Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review

Post-stroke psychiatric disorders (PSPD), including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment, significantly hinder stroke survivors' rehabilitation and quality of life, with traditional interventions often showing limited efficacy. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has emerged as a promising tool for neurological regulation and rehabilitation, showing substantial potential in PSPD assessment and intervention. This narrative review comprehensively synthesizes the latest research advances in BCI applications for PSPD, covering underlying mechanisms, principal applications, clinical studies, technical challenges, and prospective directions. It highlights BCI's substantial potential in objective assessment, targeted neuromodulation, and promotion of neuroplasticity, while also addressing unresolved issues such as heterogeneous patient responses, technical limitations, and integration into routine clinical practice. By integrating current evidence and clarifying both achievements and gaps, this review provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for future basic and clinical research in the field.