Institutional constraints on effective urban climate governance in Bahir Dar City Ethiopia

Urban climate governance (UCG) is critical for addressing the escalating climate risks in rapidly urbanizing cities, particularly in developing counties like Ethiopia. This study examines the institutional constraints hindering effective UCG in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia, using a mixed-methods approach that integrates quantitative Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), based on a survey of 162 experts, with qualitative insights from key informant interviews and policy analysis. The SEM analysis identified seven significant institutional barriers, collectively explaining a substantial portion of the variance in Urban Climate Governance Effectiveness (UCGE). The most influential constraints were Human Resources and Institutional Capacity, followed closely by Deficiencies in Policy and Regulatory Frameworks and Weak Political Will and Commitment, along with other significant operational barriers including finance, coordination, and public awareness. Surprisingly, Regional Political Instability was found to be statistically insignificant, though qualitative data highlighted its disruptive potential. The findings underscore the need for capacity-building, localized policy enforcement, stable leadership, sustainable financing, inter-agency coordination, public engagement, and digital infrastructure to enhance climate resilience. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers in Bahir Dar and similar cities facing governance challenges amid rapid urbanization and climate variability.