ARTHAPATTI: THE LOGIC OF PRESUMPTION IN INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

Arthapatti, or presumption, is a distinct epistemological tool in Indian philosophy, recognized in traditions like Vedanta and Mimamsa. It serves as an independent means of acquiring knowledge when neither direct perception (pratyakṣa) nor inference (anumana) can fully explain a situation. Arthapatti operates by postulating an unseen fact to account for an observable reality, making it crucial in philosophical debates, logical analysis, and even Ayurvedic reasoning. It is categorized into Drstarthapatti (based on direct observation) and Srutarthapatti (derived from verbal testimony). Unlike inference, Arthapatti does not rely on a universal causal connection but rather on contextual necessity. This method is widely applied in diagnosing and reasoning within Ayurveda and scientific inquiry, offering a logical bridge between known and unknown phenomena. Its relevance highlights the adaptability of Indian epistemological frameworks in both abstract thought and practical application.