Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Metallo β-lactamases in Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Various Clinical Specimen

The genus Klebsiella is the pathogenic species for humans, which are linked to numerous ailments, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections. K. pneumoniae is among the most extensively researched species since it is frequently isolate from hospitals and is of particular concern because of its increased multidrug resistance. K. pneumoniae is one of the Enterobacteriaceae that has developed numerous resistance mechanisms, among which metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) are a major concern MBLs belong to the carbapenem-hydrolyzingclass of enzymes that inactivate these essential antimicrobials as well as other β-lactamase .One hundred forty three specimen were collected from the patients attending the Baghdad Medical City Hospital, during the period from March 2024 to October 2024. All Specimens were cultured on MacConkey agar. The bacterial isolates were identified based on their cultural, morphological, and biochemical properties. Followed by VITEK-2 system. The final identification results showed that 31 isolates were confirmed as K. pneumoniae.and showed high resistant (100%) to Ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, Imipenem, amikacin, ceftazidime ( 96.77%) to cefazolin ,cefoxitin ceftriaxone, Cefepime (93.55%) to Gentamicin (87.10%) to Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin,Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazol and (64.52%) to Nitrofurantion. Phenotypic detection for MBL production by using combined disk diffusion test with EDTA the results showed that 25(74.2%) isolates were positive isolates and 6 (25.8%) isolates were negative. This indicates a high prevalence of MBL production in isolated K. pneumoniae. The genotypic detection of MBL genes show that NDM and VIM genes were detected in all 31 isolates showing a100% prevalence. The IMP gene were not detected in any of the 31 isolates the high detection to The NDM and VIM genes showing the high prevalence of MBL in local isolated K. pneumoniae.