Open-source pediatric laparoscopic surgery simulator based on 3D scanned anatomical models: from design to qualitative assessment

Several studies have attempted to develop box simulators for pediatric applications. However, simply reducing the size does not necessarily provide a realistic experience that reflects the characteristics and anatomical variability of pediatric patients. Therefore, there remains an opportunity for innovation in pediatric medical simulation. To address this need, the requirements of surgeons performing pediatric laparoscopic surgery were evaluated to develop a design tailored to their practice. The simulator was based on three-dimensional scans of children and adapted to the structural specifications required for a functional laparoscopic training platform. Training modules focused on suturing tasks were implemented, allowing surgeons from different specialties to evaluate the simulator while performing the procedures. The time taken by each participant to complete each task was recorded. The aspects that received the highest ratings were applicability across specialties (3.8, SD = 0.9), anatomical representation (3.8, SD = 0.8), and port placement (3.9, SD = 0.94). The reduced workspace, combined with a realistic anatomical structure, enabled the practice of laparoscopic skills while addressing the scale and anatomical variability characteristic of pediatric patients. The limited availability of pediatric models, the poor anatomical representation in existing simulators, and the complexity of alternative training methods highlight the need for continued innovation in pediatric medical simulation. The development and validation of our pediatric laparoscopic surgery simulator offer a simple and accessible approach to addressing the shortage of pediatric laparoscopic training systems.