Automated stratigraphic interpretation from drillhole lithological descriptions with uncertainty quantification: litho2strat 1.0

Abstract. Australian commonwealth, state and territory geological surveys possess information on over 3 million drillhole logs. In addition to mineral exploration drilling, extensive drillhole datasets exist from oil and gas exploration and hydrogeological studies. Other countries no doubt have similar data holdings. Together these legacy drillhole datasets have the potential to significantly enhance constraints on regional 3D geological models and improve our understanding of subsurface architecture, but have limited use in their current form as many if not most drill logs lack stratigraphic information, containing only lithological descriptions. This study develops open-source codes and methodologies for stratigraphy recovery (determining the ordered sequence of stratigraphic units) from drillhole lithological data by introducing a search algorithm that systematically explores all geologically plausible stratigraphic orderings for individual drillholes, combined with a solution correlation algorithm that compares the topological relationships of stratigraphic units across multiple drillholes to identify geologically consistent solutions and reduce uncertainty. The algorithms combine constraints from lithological descriptions with stratigraphic relationships automatically derived from regional maps. In addition, the method quantifies uncertainty by generating multiple plausible stratigraphic interpretations, providing critical insights for resource estimation, scenario analysis, and data acquisition strategies. The application of our method to a dataset of 52 drillholes from South Australia demonstrated its ability to make useful predictions of stratigraphic solutions and quantifying associated uncertainties. These results not only validate our approach but also highlight opportunities to refine current stratigraphic descriptions and provide a valuable new source for regional 3D geological modelling.