Assessing the connection between rheumatoid arthritis and the interleukin IL36 level in tonsillitis patients in the Diyala Governorate

This study investigated the relationship of IL-36 with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. This study was conducted in Diyala Governorate from the beginning of October 2023 to the end of May 2024. 88 samples were collected and divided into four groups; their ages ranged between 8 and 10 years. The first group included 22 blood samples with rheumatoid arthritis, and the second group included 22 samples with acute and chronic tonsillitis. And the third group included 22 samples with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis. In the fourth group, the controls included 22 samples from clinically healthy people. Their ages range from 21 to 60 years. The statistical results among study groups showed that the infection rate among females 18 (82.0%) higher than males 4 (18.0%) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis; the infection rate among females 16 (% 73.0) higher than males 6 (27.0%) among tonsillitis patients; and the infection rate for females 17 (77.0%) more than males 5 (23.0%) among patients with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Results also showed that the infection rate among females 8 (36.0%) less than males (14, 64.0%) among controls. The current study results revealed increased level IL-36 with rheumatoid arthritis (551.83 ± 65.86) Pg/ML, patients with tonsillitis (271.15 ± 64.40) Pg/ML, and patients with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis (279.53 ± 50.79) Pg/ML compared to controls (193.14 ± 21.04) Pg/ML. These results suggest IL36 increases with tonsillitis or rheumatoid arthritis, so it may have an anti-inflammatory effect.