Exploring post-operative pain management practices for improved outcomes among nurses in public hospitals in West Shewa, Ethiopia: a multicenter observational study

Only a quarter of nurses demonstrated good postoperative pain management practices. Female nurses, use of standardized pain assessment tools, presence of formal hospital pain management policies, work in surgical units, and prior training were key enablers. To improve practice, hospitals should provide regular in-service training focused on evidence-based postoperative pain assessment and intervention, implement standardized pain assessment tools, and enforce comprehensive institutional policies guiding pain management across all wards.