Core–Shell Coating Applications: Current Status and Challenges in Mechanical Coating Efficiency

This review explores various mechanical coating techniques, with a specific emphasis on ball milling for coating metal balls. Mechanical coatings play a crucial role in enhancing material properties such as wear resistance, durability, and functionality across various industries. Among these methods, ball milling stands out for its cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and ability to produce uniform coatings. This paper comprehensively discusses the principles, mechanisms, and process parameters influencing the efficiency of ball milling, including milling time, speed, and material properties. Additionally, advancements in nanostructured coatings, in situ coating techniques, and the challenges of contamination and scalability are examined. Future directions involve automation, real-time monitoring, and AI-driven optimization for improved performance. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for researchers and industries seeking to optimize mechanical coating processes.