SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PLANT DISEASES ON HUMAN CIVILIZATION: A RECAP OF THE PAST, PRESENT AND THE FUTURE

Abstract Plant diseases pose significant threats to agricultural production and can have profound socio-economic consequences for countries worldwide. This paper aims to explore the impact of plant diseases on the socio-economic status of a country by examining the existing literature and synthesizing key findings. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published within the last 15 years. Studies focusing on the socio-economic impact of plant diseases at the country level were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. The review revealed that plant diseases have far-reaching effects on various aspects of a country's socio-economic status. Agricultural productivity is significantly affected, leading to reduced crop yields, decreased income for farmers, and increased food prices. Plant diseases also disrupt international trade, affecting export earnings and import dependencies. Moreover, the socio-economic impacts extend beyond the agricultural sector, influencing employment rates, rural livelihoods, poverty levels, and overall economic growth. The findings highlight the substantial socio-economic implications of plant diseases on a country's development. The vulnerability of agricultural systems, coupled with the increasing prevalence and severity of plant diseases, underscores the urgent need for effective disease management strategies. To address the socio-economic challenges posed by plant diseases, this review essay recommends implementing integrated pest management strategies, promoting farmer education and capacity building, and enhancing international collaborations and partnerships. Additionally, policymakers should prioritize investments in plant health infrastructure, surveillance systems, and research and development to foster resilient agricultural systems and safeguard the socio-economic well-being of countries.