Navigating multi-stakeholder networks: embracing diverse perspectives in higher education–community collaboration

Higher education institutions are increasingly expected to address complex societal challenges through engaged education and col- laboration within multi-stakeholder networks. However, fostering reciprocal, mutually beneficial collaborations remains challenging, raising the question of how higher education institutions can engage in ways that genuinely meet partner interests. This study explores how higher education institutions can facilitate reciprocal and sustainable collaborations by studying the ‘Knowledge Alliance Loneliness’, a collaboration between higher education institutions, community organisations, and a local municipality in Amsterdam addressing loneliness through engaged education. Using an action research approach, this study identifies diverse perspectives and tensions in participation, purpose, and structure, uncovering three key modes of collaboration: exchange, action, and learning. By creating inclusive spaces for dialogue and co-creation, higher edu- cation institutions can leverage these modes to support organisa- tional learning and strengthen partnerships. The study offers practical insights for designing multi-stakeholder networks that align societal impact with higher education institutions’ third mission.