Investigate the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder, the synovial joint becomes inflamed and eventually erosive, causing damage to the bones and cartilage. The study aimed to evaluated vascular cell adhesion molecule1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) serum levels in RA patients. These cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs') serum levels may indicate endothelial cell expression and a possible relationship with other variables. Eighty-eight volunteers, 50 RA patients and 38 healthy controls, ranging in age from 25 to 75, were assessed. The levels of biomarkers were examined in this study: CAM-1, VCAM-1, Rheumatoid Factor (RF), Anti-CCP, C-reactive protein (CRP), ESR, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The findings indicate that there is a significant variation (p≤0.001) in the levels of RF, Anti-CCP, CRP, and ESR between individuals with RA patients and the control group. Moreover, it was observed that there exist there exist substantial disparities (p≤0.001) in the concentrations of VCAM-1 between the subjects diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the control cohort. Furthermore, it was observed that the concentration of ICAM-1 in patients with RA was significantly elevated (p≤0.001) when juxtaposed with the control cohort. Conversely, the results suggested a correlation that lacked statistical significance between the concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and the serological parameters. In the present investigation, we concluded that elevated levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in individuals with RA may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostication of RA, as well as a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of RA as an inflammatory disorder.