Geotechnical applications of construction and demolition waste and future prospects in Bangladesh - a comprehensive review

The rapid generation rate of construction and demolition waste (CDW) due to urbanization and continued development of infrastructure has become a notable hazard to the environment and economy, including a dearth in landfills and a diminution of natural resources. CDW has become the most common type of waste worldwide, and in recent years, it has gained importance in utilizing and reducing its adverse effects. The use of CDW in geotechnical applications is effective as it provides the benefits of the reuse of waste and lessens the use of excessive natural resources. This paper reviews the different properties of CDW, how these properties are enhanced through different stabilizers, and the effect of CDW on various soil properties. The review indicates that CDW may show slightly lower quality than natural aggregates; it still meets most geotechnical standards, improves key soil properties, and offers notable economic and environmental benefits for Bangladesh. Although Bangladesh generates a massive amount of CDW and has great potential for using CDW in many geotechnical applications, the large-scale adoption remains limited. In light of this review, a framework table is developed on the potential geotechnical applications of CDW based on their critical properties and materials suitability. This research supports UN Sustainable Development Goal 9 by fostering resilient infrastructure using CDW in soil and minimizing the management issues of this waste.