Impact of sex and gender medicine on antibiotic research and use: a narrative review of existing evidence
Sex-aware prescribing is a practical and necessary step toward equitable care. Key obstacles include historical underrepresentation of women in trials and insufficient sex-disaggregated data. We advocate for powering future trials for sex-specific analyses, updating clinical guidelines, and using decision support tools for dose adjustments. Integrating a gender lens into all levels of antimicrobial stewardship is essential to move from simply describing disparities to actively closing them.
Authors
- Nicholas GEREMIA
- Antonio Giampiero Russo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-5861)
- Agnese Colpani
- Andrea Marıno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-6911)
- Mattia Trunfio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-719X)
- A. Giacomelli
- Andrea De Vito
- Vincenzo Scaglione
- Maria Mazzitelli
- Alberto Enrico Maraolo
Institutions
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- AOL (United States) (US)
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Sassari (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Catania (IT)
- Luigi Sacco Hospital (IT)
- Ospedale San Giovanni Bellinzona (CH)
- University of Applied Sciences for Health Professions Upper Austria (AT)
- Ospedale San Paolo (IT)
- Ospedale dell' Angelo (IT)
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
- Published
- 2026-01-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1080/17425255.2026.2624810
- Primary Topic
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00