Mechanism of detection Gastrointestinal cancer using biosensors based on non-coding RNA

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant public health concern, characterized by substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial in enhancingpatient outcomes. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are key players in cancer development and progression. Their distinct expression profiles in cancer tissues and body fluids make them promising biomarkers for GI cancer diagnosis. This review investigates the diverse types of ncRNAs and their roles in GI cancer. Additionally, we explorevarious biosensor technologies employed for ncRNA detection, including electrochemical, optical, and photoelectrochemical methods. Compared to traditional diagnostic approaches, these biosensors offer advantages such as high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid detection times. Recent advancements in ncRNA biosensor design, such as signal amplification strategies to improve detection limits, the challenges of ncRNA biosensor development, including complex sample matrices and the need for further clinical validation are also highlighted. Overall, ncRNA biosensors hold great promise for the early and accurate diagnosis of GI cancers. Continued research and development are necessary to translate these technologies into clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.