Modeling and analysis of Huanglongbing transmission: Spatial and non-spatial approaches with saturated treatment

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a catastrophic disease that poses a significant threat to citrus production, severely hindering the advancement of the global citrus industry. We analyze the equilibrium distribution of the model and demonstrate that the non-spatial model exhibits a variety of complex dynamical behaviors, including backward bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. In contrast, the spatial model, which incorporates diffusion processes, modifies the stability of equilibria and introduces the potential for Turing instability and Hopf bifurcation. Based on the theoretical analysis, we have pinpointed the critical mechanisms that drive disease propagation, underscoring the necessity for early intervention, resource optimization and the implementation of integrated pest management strategies.