Multi-dimensional and contemporary sustainability practices in takaful industry: a systematic review of Islamic insurance

This study systematically reviews how sustainability is conceptualized, implemented, and advanced in the Takaful industry across financial, social, environmental, operational, and ethical dimensions, while identifying key stakeholder, technological, governance enablers and integrated with ESG–Sharīʿah framework. A Scopus-based, PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted, complemented by relevant scholarly articles from Google Scholar and industry reports to capture both conceptual and empirical insights. The review reveals that sustainability in the Takaful industry involves financial, social, environmental, operational, and ethical domains, contributing to Sharīʿah-aligned resilience and inclusivity. In the Takaful industry ethical investment, financial inclusion, and community welfare have improved financial and social sustainability, but environmental and operational sustainability needs stronger regulatory support and data governance. Integrating ESG principles within a Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah framework can enhances ethical governance, environmental stewardship, social inclusivity and institutional accountability in Takaful operations. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners to strengthen Takaful sustainability strategies through enhanced governance, risk management, digital transformation, stakeholder collaboration, and cross-jurisdictional standardization supported by Sharīʿah-aligned ESG innovation. This is the first systematic review to synthesize multi-dimensional sustainability practices in Takaful industry along with ESG frameworks alignment with Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah that offering a theoretical and practical foundation for policy development and future research.