Multiscale study on describing the decay law of gas-liquid micro foam for sclerotherapy applications

The decay law of gas-liquid micro foam is of great significance for characterizing the stability of foam in biomedical applications such as foam sclerotherapy (FS). However, there are few descriptions of gas-liquid micro foam decay in existing studies. The bubble gap group in the numerical simulation section is 0.50–3.00 μm, with a diameter of 22 μm. Use the following bubble diameter groups: D1 (22 μm), D2 (16 μm), and D3 (10 μm). In the experiment part, the self-made micro foam preparation device was used to obtain the macro decay law of micro foam under different liquid gas ratios and temperature differences. Through numerical simulation and experimental laws, the mesoscopic to macroscopic decay laws of micro foam are described. Foams of different diameters had different merging methods. When two foams were merged, the vortex on the foam surface was more apparent. For an uneven foam group, the merge time of group A and group C were both 0.3 ms, and group B was faster by 0.06 ms. In the experimental part, the macro decay of micro foam shows a strong exponential form. Foam coalescence time increases exponentially with an increase in the bubble gap. An expression that can describe the decay law of gas-liquid micro foam was obtained, providing insight into foam stability for clinical FS applications.