A comprehensive meta-analysis of exogenous estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone in animal models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

Estrogen and progesterone are promising cerebroprotectants for AIS. Further focussed and rigorous pre-clinical research on remaining research gaps (e.g., dosage parameters) are needed to guide clinical investigations and maximize the likelihood of translational success. The impact of testosterone and sex hormones in hemorrhagic stroke remain inconclusive due to lack of research.