A population-based retrospective cohort study of 4,103 pneumoconiosis cases in Zhenjiang, China, 1965–2025: a survival analysis

Stage III at initial diagnosis was an independent risk factor for mortality, while employment in mining/manufacturing, work in medium-sized enterprises, and younger age at onset also significantly increased the risk of death. Occupational health interventions should therefore focus on high-risk industries and enterprises, and enhance monitoring and management of both early-onset and advanced-stage patients. Delaying disease progression and implementing early health management are of critical public health importance for improving overall survival.