Relationship Between Humphrey Automated Perimetry and Virtual Reality-Based Perimetry: A Constant dB Offset and Normative Data

Background: Automated visual field testing is fundamental in ophthalmology, but differences in stimulus scaling and luminance between devices hinder direct comparison of sensitivity values. Virtual reality (VR)-based perimetry has emerged as a portable alternative, yet its relationship with conventional perimetry requires clarification. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 60 healthy participants stratified into younger (<50 years) and older (≥50 years) groups. Differential light sensitivity was assessed in the right eye using Humphrey Automated Perimetry (HFA) with the 30-2 test pattern and a VR-based perimeter (Dicopt-Pro) in randomized order. Pointwise sensitivity values were analyzed using linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis, and sensitivity profiles were examined as a function of visual field eccentricity. Results: A strong linear relationship was observed between HFA and Dicopt-Pro sensitivity values in both age groups (R ≥ 0.96). A systematic and approximately constant inter-device offset was identified, with mean differences of 15.7 ± 0.4 dB in younger subjects and 13.7 ± 0.5 dB in older subjects. Bland–Altman analysis showed consistent bias without proportional error. Dicopt-Pro sensitivity profiles demonstrated an eccentricity-dependent decline comparable to HFA while preserving age-related differences. Conclusions: VR-based perimetry using Dicopt-Pro shows sensitivity patterns closely aligned with conventional Humphrey perimetry when a systematic, age-specific inter-device offset is considered, enabling clinically meaningful interpretation of Dicopt-Pro results within an HFA-referenced framework.

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Publication Details

Journal
Applied Sciences
Published
2026-01-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031351
Primary Topic
Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Type
article
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article

Relationship Between Humphrey Automated Perimetry and Virtual Reality-Based Perimetry: A Constant dB Offset and Normative Data

Laura Sánchez-Alamillos, Ricardo Bernárdez-Vilaboa, Marina Medina-Galdeano, Juan E. Cedrún-Sánchez et al.
Applied Sciences
Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
article

Relationship Between Humphrey Automated Perimetry and Virtual Reality-Based Perimetry: A Constant dB Offset and Normative Data

Laura Sánchez-Alamillos, Ricardo Bernárdez-Vilaboa, Marina Medina-Galdeano, Juan E. Cedrún-Sánchez, F. Javier Povedano-Montero, Carla Otero-Currás
article en

Abstract

Background: Automated visual field testing is fundamental in ophthalmology, but differences in stimulus scaling and luminance between devices hinder direct comparison of sensitivity values. Virtual reality (VR)-based perimetry has emerged as a portable alternative, yet its relationship with conventional perimetry requires clarification. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 60 healthy participants stratified into younger (<50 years) and older (≥50 years) groups. Differential light sensitivity was assessed in the right eye using Humphrey Automated Perimetry (HFA) with the 30-2 test pattern and a VR-based perimeter (Dicopt-Pro) in randomized order. Pointwise sensitivity values were analyzed using linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis, and sensitivity profiles were examined as a function of visual field eccentricity. Results: A strong linear relationship was observed between HFA and Dicopt-Pro sensitivity values in both age groups (R ≥ 0.96). A systematic and approximately constant inter-device offset was identified, with mean differences of 15.7 ± 0.4 dB in younger subjects and 13.7 ± 0.5 dB in older subjects. Bland–Altman analysis showed consistent bias without proportional error. Dicopt-Pro sensitivity profiles demonstrated an eccentricity-dependent decline comparable to HFA while preserving age-related differences. Conclusions: VR-based perimetry using Dicopt-Pro shows sensitivity patterns closely aligned with conventional Humphrey perimetry when a systematic, age-specific inter-device offset is considered, enabling clinically meaningful interpretation of Dicopt-Pro results within an HFA-referenced framework.

Applied SciencesVol. 16(3)
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (ES), Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés" (ES)
Openalex Percentile: Top 72%
Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
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Relationship Between Humphrey Automated Perimetry and Virtual Reality-Based Perimetry: A Constant dB Offset and Normative Data — Laura Sánchez-Alamillos, Ricardo Bernárdez-Vilaboa, et al. · Applied Sciences (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS